原文標題：
Global LNG Supplies Are ‘Sold Out’ for Years, Top Importer Warns
原文連結：
https://tinyurl.com/48vzxe2b
發布時間：
November 21, 2022 at 12:27 PM GMT+8
記者署名：
Shoko Oda
原文內容：
- No long-term contracts available before 2026, says Japan
- This is set to intensify worldwide competition for the fuel
- 日本表示2026前已經沒有長約可以購買
- 全球對能源的競價將會更白熱化
Japan warns that global competition for liquefied natural gas is set to
intensify over the next three years due to an underinvestment in supply.
日本警告因為供給面投資的不足，未來三年LNG競爭將更加劇烈
Long-term LNG contracts that start before 2026 are sold out, according to a
survey of Japanese companies conducted by the trade ministry and released
Monday. These types of contracts are essential for buyers, as they offer
stable pricing and reliable supply for many years.
根據日本貿易部的調查，周一公布2026年前的長期LNG合約已經售完。
這種合約對買家們非常重要，因為其提供了複數年穩定的價格和可靠的供應
Countries around the world are scrambling to secure shipments of the power
plant and heating fuel from major exporters like Qatar and the US, but there
is little new supply coming online before 2026. Meanwhile, Europe is racing
to replace Russian pipeline gas with LNG, further exacerbating the global
shortage of fuel.
世界各國都在爭搶並保住發電和暖氣燃料的供應量，從像是卡達和美國產地，但在2026年
前幾乎沒有新的產能可以上線。同一時間，歐洲正在競價已填補俄羅斯天然氣管的缺口，
使得全球燃料短缺狀況更加嚴重。
This means importers will be forced to depend more on the volatile and
expensive spot market, which is currently trading nearly three times higher
than long-term contracts. Roughly 30% of all LNG deliveries were via the spot
market last year, according to the International Group of Liquefied Natural
Gas Importers.
這狀況代表燃料進口會更加依賴價格波動大且更貴的現貨市場，而目前現貨市場的價格是
長期合約的3倍。根據國際LNG供應商組織的數據顯示，去年約有30%總交易量是現貨市場。
Japanese ministry officials and energy company executives met on the same day
to discuss LNG procurement plans. Japan is poised to be the world’s biggest
LNG importer this year, and the fuel is the nation’s top choice for power
generation.
日本官員和能源進口商進行了會議討論LNG採購計畫，日本今年可能會成為世界最大的LNG
進口國，因為日本發電來源主要源自於LNG。
A lack of investment in LNG export projects means that supply will be very
tight for years, the trade ministry document said. If Russian pipeline gas to
Europe is cut completely, the world could see a shortage of 7.6 million tons
of LNG in January 2025, equivalent to one month’s worth of imports to Japan,
according to the document.
貿易部記錄表示，LNG供應面的缺乏投資將會使未來的供給"非常"緊張多年
如果歐洲完全切斷俄羅斯管道的供應，到2025年一月歐洲將會出現760萬噸的缺口
相當於日本一個月的進口量
Japan has been taking steps to ramp up energy security by enabling the
government to purchase LNG from the spot market in the event companies cannot.
日本一直在持續強化能源安全，允許政府在私人公司買不到的情況下進行現貨採購
心得/評論：
LNG將會在未來3~4年間有極大的供貨問題
目前歐洲只是暫時靠著儲藏過冬到了冬末還是一樣會碰到供貨問題
台灣要在2025年達到50%燃氣發電 (可能還會更高因為綠能已經落後)
而TSMC高階製程能源消耗也會越來越大
也許分散風險去AZ也是好事
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